意大利延长燃油消费税削减,柴油折扣减半致卡车司机罢工暂缓
政府将汽油消费税维持每升5欧分、柴油削减至10欧分至6月6日,并拨款3亿欧元税收抵免安抚运输业,中东战事引发的能源价格压力依然不减。

意大利政府周五晚通过新法令,第四次延长燃油消费税临时减免,但柴油折扣从每升20欧分砍半至10欧分,汽油则维持5欧分,措施将生效至6月6日。[A5][A10] 与此同时,为阻止运输业原定25日至29日的全国罢工,总理梅洛尼与各运输组织在基吉宫会谈后,内阁批准了约3亿欧元的税收抵免、季度消费税补偿期限从60天缩至30天,以及允许企业延期纳税等一揽子支持。[A3][A8][A15] 运输协会随即宣布暂停停工,协会Alis评价这些举措“回应了行业的核心诉求”。[A16]
本轮措施已是3月以来源自中东冲突的第四次紧急干预。[A4] 资金来源包括增值税额外收入、反垄断罚款及其他预算削减,两周成本估计约1.34亿欧元,连同此前投入已累计超过20亿欧元。[A11][A13] 柴油折扣的缩水立即引发消费者组织反弹,Codacons计算指出,考虑增值税后实际节省从每升24.4欧分腰斩至12.2欧分,加满一箱柴油要多花6.1欧元,意大利柴油价格再度回到欧洲最贵之列。[A2]
全球其他经济体也在承受类似压力。巴西规划部长22日宣布拟将汽油补贴定为每升0.44雷亚尔,相当于联邦税负的一半,并将柴油补贴维持在0.3515雷亚尔,方案下周递交总统卢拉。[A9] 澳大利亚能源部长鲍文则暗示,应对伊朗战事引发的燃油税临时减免可能在6月底到期后不再延长,称“这始终是一项临时措施”。[A12]
意大利国内批评声音指出,补贴虽在短期稳定了油价,却以削减汽车产业基金和地方交通投资为代价,且在高油价供应紧张期持续刺激需求,与节能方向相悖。[A11] 梅洛尼在会谈中强调“捍卫运输业就是捍卫家庭购买力”,但其政府不得不“过一天算一天”,用弹性措施应对极端不确定性。[A6] 随着霍尔木兹海峡等地缘风险持续,6月6日后是否继续该政策仍是未知数。[A4][A10]
同一事件在其他地方的报道方式。
The Italian government extended fuel excise cuts until early June but halved the diesel discount, drawing criticism from consumer groups. To appease truckers, it allocated 300 million euros in tax credits, averting a national strike. The measures, the fourth extension in three months, aim to cushion the impact of high fuel prices from the Iran war, but the fiscal cost is considerable.
Japan's ruling party secretary general suggested that the gasoline price support measures, which cap prices at around 170 yen per liter, may need to be revised due to the large fiscal burden. While acknowledging the importance of addressing price hikes, he emphasized the need to consider adjustments. The statement reflects growing concerns over the sustainability of the subsidy amid the prolonged Iran conflict.
Australia's fuel excise cut, introduced in April to combat soaring prices from the Iran war, is expected to remain temporary as the government monitors the situation. Energy Minister Chris Bowen indicated that the three-month reduction, which lowers petrol and diesel by 26.3 cents per litre, is a temporary measure. The government has not yet decided on an extension, balancing relief for consumers with fiscal prudence.
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